Occurrence and multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in captive non-human primates from 12 zoos in China.

Occurrence and multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in captive non-human primates from 12 zoos in China.

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Giardia duodenalis is a common enteric protozoan that infects a range of hosts including humans and other mammals.Multilocus genotyping of G.duodenalis in captive non-human primates (NHPs) from zoos in China is limited.In this study, we evaluated 302 NHP fecal samples collected from 32 different NHP species.

The primates were from 12 Notes on the historiography of Música soul and Funk carioca zoos distributed across eight provinces and two municipalities (Chongqing and Beijing) of China.The overall infection rate was 8.3% (25/302).The six G.

duodenalis-positive zoos and their infection rates were: Suzhou Zoo (40.0%, 4/10), Yangzhou Zoo (22.2%, 2/9), Dalian Zoo (16.7%, 4/24), Chengdu Zoo (12.

8%, 6/47), Guiyang Forest Wildlife Zoo (12.1%, 7/58), and Changsha Zoo (4.7%, 2/43).Molecular analysis of three loci, beta-giardin (bg), triose phosphate isomerase (tpi), and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), showed high genetic heterogeneity, and seven novel subtypes (BIII-1, MB10-1, WB8-1, B14-1, MB9-1, DN7-1, and BIV-1) were detected within assemblage B.

Additional analysis revealed 12 different assemblage B multilocus genotypes (MLGs), one known MLG and 11 novel MLGs.Based on phylogenetic analysis, 12 assemblage B MLGs formed two main clades, MLG-SW (10-12, 18) and MLG-SW (13, 14, 16, 17), the other four MLG-SW (15, 19, 20, 21) were scattered throughout the phylogenetic tree in this study.Using multilocus genotyping, this study expands our understanding of the occurrence of Giardia infection and genetic variation in ANÁLISIS DE LA DISCLOSURE DE LOS REQUERIMIENTOS DE PAGOS PÚBLICOS: INFLUENCIA DE LA LEGISLACIÓN Y FUNDAMENTOS DE LA TEORÍA CONTABLE Giardia in captive non-human primates from zoos in China.